An American genocide: the United States and the California Indian catastrophe, 1846-1873

Introduction

California Indians before 1846

Prelude to genocide : March 1846-March 1848

Gold, immigrants, and killers from Oregon : March 1848-May 1850

Turning point : the killing campaigns of December 1849-May 1850

Legislating exclusion and vulnerability : 1846-1853

Rise of the killing machine : militias and vigilantes, April 1850-December 1854

Perfecting the killing machine : December 1854-March 1861

The Civil War in California and its aftermath : March 1861-1871

Conclusion

Appendixes. 1: Reports of nonspecific numbers of California Indians killed, 1846-1873

2: Reports of fewer than five California Indians killed, 1846-1873

3: Reports of five or more California Indians killed, 1846-1873

4: Reports of non-Indians killed by California Indians, 1846-1873

5: Selected massacres with contested death tolls, 1846-1866

6: Major volunteer California state militia expeditions, 1850-1861

7: Reports of California Indians killed by US army soldiers and their auxiliaries, 1846-1873

8: The United Nations Genocide Convention.

Introduction

California Indians before 1846

Prelude to genocide : March 1846-March 1848

Gold, immigrants, and killers from Oregon : March 1848-May 1850

Turning point : the killing campaigns of December 1849-May 1850

Legislating exclusion and vulnerability : 1846-1853

Rise of the killing machine : militias and vigilantes, April 1850-December 1854

Perfecting the killing machine : December 1854-March 1861

The Civil War in California and its aftermath : March 1861-1871

Conclusion.